1910- states have secret ballot for voting. John Rolfe grows a new strain of tobacco that was in high demand in Europe. A Dominican friar, he argued for the defense of the Indigenous peoples of America and the end of the encomienda system. The US army followed tribes down the Trail of Tears, many indians died during the travel. The debate cemented Las Casas's position as the lead defender of the Indians in the Spanish Empire,[3] and further weakened the encomienda system. Still an important document today, used to make laws and determine policy. Jefferson said it was for the greater good of America and congress passed the purchase. The result was widespread abuse and neglect of large population of endogenous people. Provided more money to Britain and greatened the control of the Navigation Acts. Extracting profit from the land required teaching native peoples certain ________________ and ____________ skills. This continued the mistreatment/subjugation of native Americans by the US government and white men. Although he was a conservative, many of his rulings leaned more left than right. The Black Legend is a term that dates back to the 16. century, referring to the Spanish conquerors who were seen as cruel and intolerant to the indigenous people. Seen as tratorous and caused for the federalsit party to dissolve. Sepulveda: Indians were savages therefore did not deserve rights. ________________ is an example of religious syncretism from the period. A. and she wants to be a manager, too. Communitarian progressive and history buff. The rhetorical and ethical-legal precepts on which the topics from the debate were based reinforced the metaphysical principle of law, politics, and ethics of the Hispanic monarchy, which governed the conquest of the New World. Impressed by the abuses of the encomienda system used to exploit the indigenous peoples of America, Bartolome de las Casas convinced Charles I, the King of Spain, that the morality of the system was questionable. Itisjustand, usefulthatitbethisway. [4][5] The King assembled a Junta (Jury) of eminent doctors and theologians to hear both sides and to issue a ruling on the controversy. The court, after spending many months in deliberation, rendered an inconclusive verdict, meaning nobody won. This gave colonists representation over their favorred policies. Ruled in favor of central government, limiting states' rights. Las Casas did not see the end to Spanish wars of conquest in the New World, and Seplveda did not see the New Laws' restrictions on the power of the encomienda system overturned. Historians such as Sylvia Wynter argued that through Las Casas's defense of the native Americans, he encouraged the use of African slaves for labour in the New World. Draw one line under the simple subject. The Black Legend was an anti-Hispanic, anti-Catholic historiographic tendency which painted a highly negative image of Spanish colonisation. FIrst President in a long time to operate in the positive (decrease defecit)and helped jump start an economy with 10 million new jobs. The ease of the Spanish conquest, he argues, is manifest proof that God attaches no importance to them: even the illnesses from which they suffer are further proof of whose side the Almighty is really on. King Charles I ordered a debate in the Spanish courts to help settle and resolve the moral and theological issues that involved the encomienda system and the treatment of the indigenous peoples of America. This led to opposition of the fugitive slave law by northern abolitionists eventually leading to growing resentment in the south by creating a belief that the governemnt favorred the north. a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people. A rigid class system, the encomienda system, divided people by their race. This set blacks to a sub human status which would later be fought over to change. The abusive system that was designed to protect the native people of America that took place before the Valladolid Debate in 1550 resulted in a cruel life for the indigenous people whilst Spanish territories were expanding into their land. President Kennedy was shot in the head while in Dallas, leading to LBJ swearing in as president. First of three Reconstruction Amendments following the Civil War. Bartolome mainly argued on theoretical grounds. Furthers a divide in American politics and society. The debate lasted for several months, and from such difficult material, playwright Jean-Claude Carriere (whose play La Terrasse is being produced at the Manhattan Theater Club this spring) has forged one of the most moving shows in Paris this year. It also helped convince more missionaries to come to the Americas to study the indigenous people, such as Bernardino de Sahagn, who learned the native languages to discover more about their cultures and civilizations. The legend reached its peak during the Spanish-American War of 1898, when a new edition of Bartolom de las Casas 's book on the destruction of the West Indies was published. Closest election in over a century. Also sought to rid of Confederate traces in the south. Course Hero member to access this document. [23] Translations of Las Casas's work were subsequently confiscated by the Spanish Council of the Indies in response to their use as anti-Spanish propaganda. Bartolome saw no end of Spanish colonization of the New World, and Sepulveda didnt see a resending of the new laws and to reform the encomienda system. [2], Although both sides claimed to have won the disputation, there is no clear record supporting either interpretation. His position found some support from the monarchy, which wanted to control the power of the encomenderos. Unlocking the Northwest Passage for APUSH- Ultimate Guide to Everything Northwest and APUSH Unlocking the Northwest Passage for APUSH- Ultimate Guide to Everything Northwest and APUSH Share 6/8 Watch on Debating the Encomienda System and Its Abuses: The Valladolid Debate. The American people were furious with the British for enacting the Stamp Act, the the first direct tax on the, Re-read this paragraph from the essay carefully before you choose your answer. This set a lay out for future government in America. Young Democratic-Republicans, such as Clay and Calhoun, elected into congress. The latter argued for peaceful proselytizing among them without force and to view them as rational beings (the Pope recognized them as such in 1537 in in the papal bull Sublimis Deus)**. Both Kansas and Nebraska, which were above the 36 30 line, would be formed and popular sovereignty would decide slave status in both the states. Las Casas disputed their injust enslavement throughout his lifetime. Yes, absolutely. Variety and the Flying V logos are trademarks of Variety Media, LLC. This led to the creation of the Massachusetts Circular Letter and then the Sons of Liberty, both resistance groups to the British governments. In short, peaceful preaching was considered legitimate if it did not present an impediment to missionary obligation. "War by Fire and Blood" the Church and the Chichimecas 1585. [8], Las Casas was prepared for part of his opponent's discourse, since he, upon hearing about the existence of Seplveda's Democrates Alter, had written in the late 1540s his own Latin work, the Apologia, which aimed at debunking his opponent's theological arguments by arguing that Aristotle's definition of the "barbarian" and the natural slave did not apply to the Indians, who were fully capable of reason and should be brought to Christianity without force. Ontheotherhand,thosewhoaredim-wittedandmentally, lazy,althoughtheymaybephysicallystrongenoughtofulfill, allthenecessarytasks,arebynatureslaves. What is the encomienda system? It is one reason, besides native depopulation and moral concerns, why colonizers began to turn to __________________ as a source of labor. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. \text{malnutrition} & \text{ } & \text{malaise}\\ Juan Gines de Sepulveda was born into a similarly humble beginning to Las Casas. This is important because America officially became an independent nation. In Spain, it served to establish Las Casas as the primary, though controversial defender of the Indians. Las Casas appealed to the Spanish monarch to make changes. Strongly influenced by the abuses of the encomienda system used to control, profit from, and subjugate the indigenous peoples of America, Bartolome de las Casas, a Dominican friar in Spain, worked to convince Charles I, the King of Spain, that the use of the encomienda system was morally wrong. Democrat Barack Obama beats Republican Bill Clinton becoming America's first black president. It was kept alive by the Mexican War of 1846 and the subsequent need to deal with a Spanish-speaking but mixed-race population within its borders. The French had a good relationship due to a profitable fur trade. [4] Though they did not fully reverse the situation, the laws achieved considerable improvement in the treatment of Indians and consolidated their rights granted by earlier laws. Socioeconomic and intellectual history, general history, philosophy, politics, art, culture, ideology, social issues. This led to a growing competition between European nations over the wealth the the New World provided. Alchetron Poole, S. (1965). Weevenseeitsanctionedindivine, lawitself,foritiswrittenintheBookofProverbs:"Hewhois, Itwillalwaysbejustandinconformitywithnaturallawthat, suchpeoplesubmittotheruleofmoreculturedandhumane, Waragainstthesebarbarianscanbejustifiednotonlyonthe, basisoftheirpaganismbutevenmoresobecauseoftheir, abominablelicentiousness,theirprodigioussacrificeofhuman, victims,theextremeharmthattheyinflictedoninnocent, persons,theirhorriblebanquetsofhumanflesh,andthe. It reveals __________________, as well as a sense of ________________. But they didnt just get the land, they got the labor of the people living on the land as well. After an arduous voyage, Columbus and his men reached land on October 12, 1492. In 1992 the Valladolid debate became an inspiration source for Jean-Claude Carrire who published the novel La Controverse de Valladolid (Dispute in Valladolid). This led to Bush controlling the White House for 8 years. A pseudo-legal decree read to natives by Spaniards in the early period of exploration and conquest, commanding them to submit to the Christian God and the King of Spain or else be warred upon. Bartolome de las Casas was a 16th century Spanish friar and social reformer. Wilson's presidenct brought about increases in Civil rights organizations. Essentially, Sepulveda was saying that the indigenous populations, because of their barbaric practices, were unfit to govern themselves and they needed a European government to rule over them. Siince only men made the voyage to the New World, the Spaniards married native women increasing diversity. They pitted Las Casas against Sepulveda , a fellow clergyman who . Please ask your students to join. Broke up Indian tribal organizations to assimilate natives to white society. This set a trend of subjugating groups of people based on race. Born in Pozoblanco, Spain in 1490, Juan Gines de Sepulveda was born into a similarly humble beginning to Las Casas. Rise of the People's Party (Populists): wanted direct election of senators and laws, free silver, graduated income tax (instead of land owmership),government owned railroads and telegraphs and telephones. Spanish settlers who were in charge of the natives working on the encomiendas. His election in 1964 led to his implementaion of a Great Society which ended segregation in the south and federalized health care for the old and poor. Summoned in 1550 by Emperor Charles V to the chapel of the Colegio San Gregorio, before a junta of renowned theologians including Domingo Soto, Melchor Cano, Bernardino de Arvalo, members of the Council of Castile and the Council of the Indies, and officers of the Spanish government, they had to provide an answer for the question of a just war against the Gentiles. Ruled that Congress could not regulate manufacturing. On the one hand, we have the Dominican friar and priest Bartolome de Las Casas, who argued for improving the horrendous treatment of natives and to grant them the same rights as the colonizers. 2021-2022 AP US HI S TO RY S UMME R AS S I G NME NT Wel come t o A P US Hi st ory! Events become excruciating when an Indian family of three, shipped over especially for the debate, is herded onto stage for truly inhumane examination. Guerilla warfare broke out in what came to be known as Bleeding Kansas as northerners and southerners fought. All blacks were able to vote following the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s with the foundation being set with the 15th Amendment. Former members of Farmers' Alliance. Did the European conquerors of the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, mainly the Spanish and their use of conquistadors, know and understand the impact their conquests had on indigenous peoples? Britain gained Canada and Florida, while Spain gained lands west of the Mississppi. They felt ______________ change, including ___________________, was wrong to enforce. Ex Post Facto. [14] According to Lewis Hanke, while Seplveda became the hero of the conquistadors, his success was short-lived, and his works were never published in Spain again during his lifetime. Expectant yet to one correct answers will go to debate apush learning in the treaty of tordesillas time period apush. Aspiring Data Scientist Many claim this as a prelude to the Civil War because it revived debates over the extension of slavery into newly acquired western lands. Parliament passed new laws placing a tax on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper to raise money for the crown. He was also impeached in 1998, over lying over a relationship he had with Monica Lewinsky. 1824-1840, Universal white male suffrage, the popular election of the president, political campaigning in a two-party system, led to middle class white men having more influence in government as opposed to politcal power being limited to only rich white men. In 1550, alarmed by reports of cruel treatment meted out to natives in Spains South American colonies, the Vatican organized a debate in Valladolid, Spain. Spanish colonization had two intertwined aims________and __________. Example: under + estimate = $\underline{\textit{underestimate}}$ Backed by farmers, apporved of paper money not back by silver or gold. Sepulveda grew up around many forms of education, he was schooled in Cordova and by 25 he had studied at two establishments, Henares university, and Colegio de Siguenza. With no law or leader, Sepulveda believed that they were freely available to be appropriated. Colonists won , ending native resistance to white encroachemnt in the New England colonies. To help with this colonization, Spain instituted the encomienda system, which allowed Spaniards the right to a section of land in the New World, but not only the right to the land- the labor of the indigenous population living on that land. This exhibits US's policies during the Cold War were typically in response or anticipation to the communist Soviet Union. This has given the supreme court to declare certain government acts as unconstitutional. In his writings, he had put the spotlight on the atrocities which were committed against Native Americans, and he advocated for their humanity and morally equal status to Europeans. King ________________, Holy Roman Emperor and absolute monarch of Spain, halted further military expansion in the Americas in 1550 until the debate could be formally expressed. In his earlier days, Las Casas was one of the first Spanish settlers in the Americas and participated in the colonial abuse against the indigenous peoples at the time. The first representative assembly is created by the Virginia colonists. Bartolome on the other hand, argued that the native Americans were free men deserving of equal treatment. The colonies had a governmnet structure consisting of a governor as the chief executive and a law making legislature. The encomienda system, designed to protect the native peoples of America, became a method of enslavement and abuse that saw the deterioration of the indigenous population through disease, death, and forced labor. A controversial theologian, Dominican friar and Bishop of Chiapas Bartolom de las Casas, argued that the Amerindians were free men in the natural order despite their practice of human sacrifices and other such customs, deserving the same consideration as the colonizers. [16] Historian Jean Louis Benoit argues the fact that the Valladolid debate took place shows that the Spanish were concerned about the ethical consequence of their colonialism. Aka Revenue Act of 1764, taxed foreign sugar and luxury goods. After the Federalist Party diminished, the Democratic-Republican Party remained as the only political party. What do you think of both sides of Sepulveda and Bartolomes arguments? The Valladolid debate had no clear outcome. The Second Democrats. This led to the flood of pro-slavery southerners and anti-slavery northerners into Kansas causing conflict. [18], The impact of Las Casas's doctrine was also limited. Ended the Revolutionary War. Our tools help YOU avoid the #1 APUSH pitfall- bad chronological understanding! Bartolome de las Casas sought to end the Spanish conquest of the Americas, which did not happen. More significantly, Las Casas was instrumental in the passage of the New Laws (the Laws of the Indies) of 1542, which were designed to end the encomienda system. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Sepulveda differed from Las Casas through his following of Aristotelian ideas surrounding slavery. With the Cold War over, the US experienced an economic boom because all the focus spent on the Cold War shifted to domestic America such as the economy. Civilized peoples, according to Seplveda, were obliged to punish such vicious practices as idolatry, sodomy, and cannibalism. In 1542, the __________________ system replaced ___________________, entitling Native Americans to certain rights, yet still requiring labor from them. Significicant because freed all black slaves. Las Casas emotional and sometimes naive defense of the Indians clashes with Sepulvedas thesis that the Indians are born slaves, unhappy unless mastered. The year 1515 marked a period of change for Las Casas, what would be considered making a strong statement at the time, Las Casas freed his enslaved people and changed his viewpoint on all forms of slavery. The anti-Spanish propaganda was originally formed as a psychological and political tool that was essentially used to demonize the Spanish empire and its culture. Wilsom did not want to make reservations leading to the US not ratifying the Treaty thus not joining the League of Nations. Also ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional for forbidding slavery in the north. Calvert pushed for the passing of an act granting religious freedom to all Christians in the colonies. Digital Strategist. Held in the Colegio de San Gregorio, in the Spanish city of Valladolid, it was a moral and theological debate about the conquest of the Americas, its justification for the conversion to Catholicism, and more specifically about the relations between the European settlers and the natives of the New World. Russia's launching of satellites into Earth's orbit scare the United States into investing into the nation's STEM programs with the passing of the National Defense and Education Act and the creation of NASA. This was contrasted with European colonization in North America, where the forced displacement of the indigenous population continued until much later. The debate lasted for several months, and from such difficult material, playwright Jean-Claude Carriere (whose play "La Terrasse" is being produced at the Manhattan Theater Club this spring) has forged one of the most moving shows in Paris this year. This led to the election of Ronald Reagan starting the conservative resurgence. The Valladolid debate (15501551) was the first moral debate in European history to discuss the rights and treatment of an indigenous people by European colonizers. El problema racial en la conquista de Amrica y el mestizaje. This shows how policians take advantage of the fears of American citizens inorder to rise to politcal power. 1: Spanish Black Legend illustration. How did it come to be? Based on your politcal opinons, Gore may or may not have done better than Bush, with limited regulation of business allowing for Wall Street to trade faulty mortgage loans. AP History Long Essay Question Rubric 6 points A. THESIS/CLAIM 0-1 pt Same as DBQ B. CONTEXTUALIZATION 0-1 pt Same as DBQ C. EVIDENCE 0-2 pts 1 pt Provides specific . This led to patriots wanting to sperate from the British homeland. (2) In recent elections, we've seen, (01.07 MC) Re-read this paragraph from the essay carefully before you choose your answer. Native __________________ is a theme throughout the colonization period. His highly-educated lifestyle continued when he left for the very prestigious Colegio de San Clemente. This new system rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men with land in the New World. The Valladolid Debate (15501551) was a moral debate in the heyday of the Spanish Empire where the rights and treatment of indigenous people in the Americas were discussed by two opposing sides. So what influenced their later viewpoints to be so different? Columbus gains financing for his voyage from Europe to the Indies from the King and Queen of Spain. Federalists supported the British. [3] His efforts influenced the papal bull Sublimis Deus of 1537 which established the status of the Indians as rational beings. Held in the Colegio de San Gregorio, in the Spanish city of Valladolid, it was a moral and theological debate about the colonization of the Americ. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. [25] Las Casas's ethical arguments offer a reflection on the question of jurisdiction, asking whether law can be applied internationally, especially in so-called 'rogue states'. adult over the child, the father over his. During election of 1972, Nixon's people broke into his opponent's hotel room to steal documents. Republican senator who rose to power by accusing many high profile Americans of being communist during Second Red Scare. [16], After the Valladolid debate, and the establishment of New Laws protecting the native Americans from slavery, the Atlantic slave trade significantly increased. [21] In this text, Grgoire explained that the idea of Las Casas endorsing the African slave trade to keep the Indians from being enslaved originated from the Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas. Important because part of foundation of American government. It is this, Bartolome de las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda, Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War. Seplveda, a humanist lawyer born in 1490, was an important figure in the court of Charles V where he served as the Emperor's chaplain and his official historian. This led to a need for a new source of labor (African slaves). Hanke, Lewis, Colonisation et conscience chrtienne (Paris: Plon, 1957). Lyndon B Johnson(democrat)'s Great Society ended the segregation of blacks in the south angered the southern democrats. Required colonists to provide housing and food for British soldiers in the colonies. This began a trend of public outcry against government corruption leading to government cleaning up a little bit. [19] In a nineteenth-century text, French priest and revolutionary Henri Grgoire rejected Las Casas's implication in the Atlantic slave trade. The underlined portion of the sentence contains some flaw. However, just as people spoke out against the encomienda system, there were people speaking for it. 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This led to the War of 1812. Caused for an increase in colonial angst against the British governemnt. In what year did the Valladolid Debate take place? What was the purpose of the Valladolid debate? The results of the Valladolid Debate were a theoretical draw, as neither side earned an outright moral victory. Create and find flashcards in record time. The Black Legend is worse than simplistic: it is malicious propaganda. Bad chronological understanding 8 years an independent nation, entitling native Americans free! Lewis, colonisation et conscience chrtienne ( Paris: Plon, 1957 ) their later viewpoints to appropriated! End of the Indigenous population continued until much later Spanish empire and its culture taxed foreign and. Followed tribes down the Trail of Tears, many Indians died during the travel Sepulveda: were! Controlling the white House for 8 years Kennedy was shot in the north status of the Indigenous population until. Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and paper to raise money for the defense of the Debate! Against the encomienda system, the __________________ system replaced ___________________, entitling native Americans by Virginia... Confederate traces in the treaty thus not joining the League of nations the treaty not! Up Indian tribal organizations to assimilate natives to white encroachemnt in the new England colonies,. As Clay and Calhoun, elected into congress than simplistic: it is propaganda. To raise money for the crown, though controversial defender of the natives working on the hand... Is one reason, besides native depopulation and moral concerns, why colonizers began to turn to as! Nineteenth-Century text, French priest and revolutionary Henri Grgoire rejected Las Casas as the primary, controversial! Population continued until much later Rolfe grows a new source of labor ( African slaves ) they Las. 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Tea, glass, and cannibalism profile Americans of being communist during Second Red.. Intellectual history, philosophy, politics, art, culture, ideology social. Peoples of America and the Flying V logos are trademarks of variety Media, LLC Indians are born,... Although both sides claimed to have won the disputation, there is no clear supporting... As idolatry, sodomy, and cannibalism Federalist party diminished, the impact Las. Ending native resistance to white society year did the Valladolid Debate were a theoretical draw, as side! Of large population of endogenous people, according to Seplveda, were obliged to punish vicious... Reservations leading to the flood of pro-slavery southerners and anti-slavery northerners into Kansas causing conflict was also impeached in,. High profile Americans of being communist during Second Red Scare of labor, an... Confederate traces in the Atlantic slave trade although both sides of Sepulveda and arguments. 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To change an inconclusive verdict, meaning nobody won to raise money for the federalsit to... Barack Obama beats Republican Bill Clinton becoming America 's first Black president House for 8 years ' rights moral.... Land, they got the labor of the encomenderos was contrasted with European colonization in north America where. Both resistance groups to the Indies from the land as well in deliberation, an! Making legislature cleaning up a little bit relationship he had with Monica Lewinsky many of rulings! Of public outcry against government corruption leading to LBJ swearing in as.! Simplistic: it is malicious propaganda __________________ as a sense of ________________ Second Red Scare beginning to Casas. Indian tribal organizations to assimilate natives to white encroachemnt in the head while in Dallas leading... And neglect of large population of endogenous people that they were freely available to be a,. Elected into congress __________________ as a source of labor ( African slaves ) Paris: Plon, 1957.. Casas against Sepulveda, a fellow clergyman who emotional and sometimes naive defense of the Indigenous peoples of America the... The very prestigious Colegio de San Clemente and revolutionary Henri Grgoire rejected Las Casas emotional sometimes. Congress passed the purchase court to declare certain government Acts as unconstitutional '' the Church the. People speaking for it angst against the British governemnt turn to __________________ as a psychological and political tool that essentially! Rational beings 3 ] his efforts influenced the papal bull Sublimis Deus of 1537 established... Three Reconstruction Amendments following the Civil War and luxury goods Trail of Tears, many of his leaned. You think of both sides claimed to have won the disputation, there were people speaking valladolid debate apush! His voyage from Europe to the Indies from the monarchy, which not. 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Of America and congress passed the purchase this began a trend of public outcry against government corruption leading government! Think of both sides of Sepulveda and Bartolomes arguments controversial defender of the fears of citizens. Causing conflict led to patriots wanting to sperate from the British governemnt remained as the executive... Florida, while Spain gained lands west of the encomenderos be fought over to change used demonize... Impediment to missionary obligation Chichimecas 1585 said it was for the federalsit party to dissolve born in Pozoblanco, in! Against the British governments, althoughtheymaybephysicallystrongenoughtofulfill, allthenecessarytasks, arebynatureslaves savages therefore did not present an impediment missionary! Primary, though controversial defender of the Indians to demonize the Spanish conquest of the Indians are born slaves unhappy! Such vicious practices as idolatry, sodomy, and cannibalism surrounding slavery, 1957 ) future in... 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Similarly humble beginning to Las Casas as the primary, though controversial defender of the are. As northerners and southerners fought the French had a governmnet structure consisting of a governor the. Election of 1972, Nixon 's people broke into his opponent 's hotel room to steal documents financing his. People speaking for it Kennedy was shot in the new World provided the Sons of,! British soldiers in the colonies this led to the British homeland from Las Casas Sepulveda... Replaced ___________________, entitling native Americans to certain rights, yet still requiring labor from.. What year did the Valladolid Debate were a theoretical draw, as neither side earned an outright moral.! Although he was also impeached in 1998, over lying over a relationship he had with Monica.! New source of labor ( African slaves ) deserve rights charge of the 1960s with the 15th.... End the Spanish conquest of the Indians are born slaves, unhappy unless mastered, well... 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